Transportation accounts for a significant portion of the world's GHG emissions. While electric vehicles can mitigate some of these emissions, they remain inaccessible to many households. Similarly, while public transit offers an environmentally friendly mode of transport, gentrification around transit can make living nearby unaffordable for low-income individuals. Yet, Montréal's experience indicates that bike lanes might offer a viable solution. Despite its challenging winters and hilly landscape, our research shows that bike lanes can double ridership. These findings become even more pertinent when viewed through the lens of climate justice. Bike lanes, especially those near subway stations, enhance the public transit network by facilitating intermodal trips. Notably, such infrastructure benefit low-income areas most; low- and mid-income communities are 35% and 20% more likely, respectively, to use bikes to access subway stations. Our studies also reveal that the introduction of protected lanes can increase travel distance by 10% and speeds by 5%. Given Montréal's challenging climate and topography, this research provides valuable insights for other North American cities looking to reduce transportation emissions while promoting climate justice.